This study is reflects on the relationship between cultural values and entrepreneurial attitudes. cultural context and values play a substantial role in shaping the attitudes and beliefs of individuals, and the research literature indicates that there are major differences between countries in terms of entrepreneurship, part of which can be explained by cultural values. This study was conducted as a survey on 354 undergraduate and graduate students of soft and pure applied fields who were sampled from the University of Isfahan and Yasuj. The results showed that there is a significant difference in terms of entrepreneurial attitudes between these two groups of students. However, with regards to the cultural values, no significant difference was seen between these two groups. Also, structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that uncertainty avoidance, collectivism and femininity have a negative and power distance has a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitudes. Finally, implications for policy, practice, and further research are discussed.

Entrepreneurship ecosystems are a mix of cultural, economic, political and social elements within an area that interact with each other as an environment conducive to entrepreneurial activity. The purpose of this research was to analyze the cultural nature of the society under study and the impact of cultural influences on the effects of the entrepreneurial process based on the Hofstede's cultural Dimension in Sistan and Baluchistan province. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive method is correlational and in terms of collecting information by survey method. The data-gathering tool was a questionnaire, distributed by simple random sampling method. The studied population was considered as the entire population of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The sample size was 384 according to the Cochran sampling formula. Based on the experience, 450 questionnaires were distribute to ensure that 390 cases that were correctly answered were finally used. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on factor analysis and its total reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (96%). The results showed that the society is Masculinity and is individualized and has a short-term vision of the future. The level of risk taking is high. The level of power distribution in society is fairly fair. The correlation between the other Hofstede cultural backgrounds was confirmed. Based on analyzes, the province culture supports entrepreneurial processes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cultural values of Babolsar citizens and their satisfaction with tourism activities. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in methodological view. The sampling method of this research is simple randomization. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Babolsar, of which 382 were selected using the Cochran's formula. The research questionnaire was developed from standard questionnaires related to Hofstede cultural dimensions and satisfaction with tourism. For the first time, the present study measured the relationship between Hofstede dimensions and citizen satisfaction. SPSS software was used to perform descriptive tests and Inferential statistics of the research were done by PLS software. The results showed that the cultural values of citizens have a significant relationship to their satisfaction with tourism activities and this relationship was observed in three components of the six studied dimensions, including individualism/ collectivism, long/short-term orientation and indulgence/restraint. The city of Babolsar is a society with a cultural balance in the distribution of power, strong uncertainty avoidance, individualism, balance with a tendency towards feminism and a long-term and extremist orientation. Introduction Tourism is a global market in which the host and guest communities both have diverse cultures and interact with each other (Huang & Crotts, 2019). cultural differences between communities can be seen as an attraction for deciding which tourist destination to choose. According to Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions, the common cultural points of the people of a society can be achieved and based on this theory, the views and attitudes of the people of that society can be acquainted (Jung et al, 2017). On the other hand, cultural values are an essential part of the cultures of each region and affect other parts of it (Hassanzadeh, 1396). Further understanding of the culture of the host community and examining the dimensions and components affecting it can be effective in increasing the level of residents' satisfaction with tourism activities in a destination. The coastal city of Babolsar is one of the tourist areas of the country that has a long history of tourism and receives a large number of tourists every year (Khaksari et al, 1392). Therefore, the main question of the present study is what is the relationship between the cultural values of Babolsar citizens and their satisfaction with tourism activities? Materials and Methods The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the cultural values of Babolsar citizens and their satisfaction with tourism activities. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and the sampling method of this research is simple random and the statistical population of the study, the citizens of Babolsar, 382 people were selected as a sample through Cochran's formula. Discussion and Results The results showed: The cultural values of the citizens of Babolsar have a significant relationship with their satisfaction with tourism. Thus, among the 6 dimensions of Hofstede's cultural values studied in this study, 3 components: individualism/ collectivism, long-term/ shortterm orientation and indulgence/ restraint have a significant relationship with citizens' satisfaction with tourism. The findings of the present study are consistent with the findings of Hassanzadeh (1397) who studied the effect of cultural values on the perceived quality of health tourism services and concluded that the cultural dimensions of Hofstede have a positive and significant relationship with the perceived quality and the cultural values of tourists play a very important role in the quality of their perceived services of health tourism, but Findings from the present study with the findings of Radojevic et al (2019) who examined the hospitality culture of hotel staff in several countries studied based on two cultural aspects of Hofstede and concluded that the less individualism and extremism be, better service provided, does not match. Conclusions The results show that the cultural values of the citizens of Babolsar, which were measured by Hofstede theory of cultural dimensions, have a significant relationship with the level of citizens' satisfaction with tourism activities. The culture of a society can also be examined by measuring its specific cultural values. In this study, the cultural values of the host community were measured according to Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions. Based on the results obtained from the present study, the culture of Babolsar citizens can be interpreted as follows: The analysis of the research findings showed that Babolsar society is a society with a cultural balance in the distribution of power, avoiding strong uncertainty, individualistic, balanced with a tendency towards feminism, a tendency to long-term and extreme orientation. The results of the research show that citizens have understood the positive and negative economic, environmental and social effects and to increase the level of satisfaction, the positive effects should be strengthened and the negative effects of tourism, which leads to a decrease in residents' satisfaction with tourism activities, should be more careful. Be. More attention to the welfare of residents, development of infrastructure, transportation and amenities and services, reduction of noise pollution and traffic control with better management and more detailed planning in the field of tourism, is effective in increasing residents' satisfaction with tourism activities. This issue has a significant impact on the lives of residents, especially during peak tourism times.

The most important way to understand the Islamic approach to formulate cultural policy is studying comparatively the discourses of cultural policy formulation through analysis of their fundamental concepts. "Religion","Culture", "Human" and "Government" are the most important concepts. In this article, the comparative study of the concept of religion in cultural policy formulation discourses is discussed.. In the field of cultural policymaking , there are four approaches of "cultural control", "enterprise", "release" and "service" under the two macro discourses of "mechanical management" and "cultural harmony". "Ideological religiosity","Catholicism","Protestantism" and "popular religiosity" are among the foundations of theology and corresponding to these approaches. In the Islamic view, religion is not defined in the inflexible ideological schools of thought and Catholicism, nor in the personal and superficial schools of thought of Protestantism and popularism؛Rather, religion is present in the life of the general society in a flexible but exalting form .cultural policy by examining the talent of the society, puts a level of religiosity in its agenda، and moves gradually towards higher goals. In this article, the comparative typology of theological views with cultural policy discourses is discussed with the documentary-library method and rational inference.

Culture affects our concepts, management behavior and decision making. In information retrieval process, users recognize which records are related to their information needs. On the other hand, users from different countries have different culture and even there are users with different culture from one country. So it’ s necessary to know if there is significant relationship between user’ s cultural attitude and their information behavior? If this relationship is proved, information retrieval researches will enter to new phase. In this research, analytical-survey has been used and there are 2 questionnaires (Hofstede cultural attitude dimensions & relevance judgment) as the research tools. 50 master students of Knowledge and Information Science in Kharazmi University (1393-1395), are research society. For data description average and standard deviation, and for data analysis Pearson Correlation Coefficient and simultaneous-entry regression analysis have been used. Socio-cognitive attitude focuses on effect of users social environment on relevance judgment, but there isn’ t any researches to distinguish relationship between cultural attitude and relevance judgment. Findings show that users have important role in decision making and besides, not only user’ s personality characteristics play effective role, but also cultural situation of users who live in that society is important. Results show that students with low power distance, have high relevance judgment (r=0. 315). The maximum relevance judgment belongs to variables collectivism and relevance judgment (r=0. 508). There is the lowest significant relationship between femininity and relevance judgment (0. 212). Uncertainty avoidance is the only dimension that has inverse significant relationship with relevance judgment (r=-0. 249).

Numerous studies have shown the relevance and significance of entrepreneurship in generating employment, income and economic progress,as a result, growth and development will be facilitated by recognizing the factors affecting entrepreneurship and building a platform for its spread. In this regard, the current study investigates the influence of cultural values on entrepreneurial activities in two sets of high –,income (per capita national income greater than $ 12696) and low –,income (per capita national income less than $ 12696) countries, as well as the composition of countries. For the cultural values of countries, Hofstede cultural model and data related to six cultural dimension of Hofstede and for measuring entrepreneurial activities, the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) of the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute (GEDI) was used and two control variables per capita GDP and economic freedom index. Also, in estimating the model it is referred previous studies and how to examine the research, based on hierarchical regression. The years under study are cross-sectional for cultural values and is 2019 for entrepreneurship and control variables. The results demonstrated that cultural values are significant and influencing factors for entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurial actions in both sets of countries, and the majority of the compositional countries hypothesis were confirmed. Therefore, the entrepreneurial spirit increases at the national level the more countries pay attention to personal and society values. The findings also support the idea that economic freedom and GDP per capita play an important role in stimulating and fostering entrepreneurship in each country.

In sociological analysis, Consumer activities are the source of modern identity structure and reference to values and attitudes. Accordingly, The concept of "cultural consumption" is a powerful tool for analyzing patterns and defining the boundaries of similarity and differentiation between different social groups. This paper tries to provide a comprehensive operational definition for the concept of cultural consumption and identifies the dominant patterns of consumption of the younger generation. This study was performed using a survey method and completed 531 questionnaires from youth (15 to 30 years). In this study, cultural consumption patterns were measured in two parts: consumption of products produced in the cultural system and participation in activities defined in the cultural system. The results of the study showed that the consumption of modern cultural products is the dominant pattern of youth consumption. The consumption of written cultural products and participation in cultural entertainment activities complement the dominant pattern of youth consumption culture. The results of the research also highlight the need to avoid reducing the pattern of youth consumption to a particular species, in other words, the necessity of the typology of patterns of consumption. Based on the typology, three ideal types (pattern) were identified for the cultural consumption of the younger generation.

Objective: The culture is one of the most important factors, effective on the management which is so impressive that affect on values and attitudes of managers and also on organizational process and structure. This research has been done from the issues related to culture and management, in order to search a comparative study of cultural attitudes of the managers of governmental schools and organizations of Kerman city based on Hofstede pattern Method: The number of managers of governmental schools in this research is 345 persons and the number of managers of governmental organizations is 353 persons that 349 persons (173 people from governmental schools and 176 people from governmental organizations) have been chosen as a sample and random sampling was used Results: To collect data, a questionnaire, included 25 questions was used and its reliability and validity coefficients were 0. 924 and 0. 96 respectively. To analyze data, graphs and frequency were used and to examine the research questions, Witney Test. Conclusion: research founding show that: 1. Managers of governmental schools and organizations in their cultural attitudes tend to masculinity collectivism, High uncertainty avoidance and power distance. 2. There is no meaningful difference between the cultural attitudes (Masculinity/femininity, Individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and power distance) of managers of governmental schools and organizations.

The Kurdistan of Iran is one of the regions widely disregarded in the historical architectural study or architectural analysis, especially during the Islamic era. Studying the mosques of this region can lead to a deeper understanding of Iranian architecture in this era. This paper aims to introduce the characteristics of mosques by categorizing them through a typological approach. For this purpose, 27 of historical mosques in the region are studied and their main repetitive spatial units are considered as the basis of the typology. The compositional models of these mosques, from the simplest to the most complicated form regarding different combinations, are each separately introduced. Following these introductions, the relation of each type with simpler earlier types is discussed and it is maintained that all types are inter-related. The pillared shabestān is the most fundamental spatial unit of these mosques, which is the core unit in almost all examples and all types.Other units such as the iwān and rāhro s are organized around it and define the first type of historical mosques in Kurdistan. The second type, which includes mosques with interior courtyards, combines the regional/traditional model of the first type with that of the mosques of central Iran. This second type of mosques includes a shabestān with hujreh s dispersed on three sides of the courtyard.These two main types include some sub-types and variations differing in the presence or the number of iwān s and rāhro s. Based on these facts, a typology is suggested and is comprehensively illustrated in a table in the final section of the paper.